Passive Fall Protection Systems:
Passive Fall Protection Systems – A “passive” fall protection system refers to a system that is non-dynamic, stationary, and does not move, adapt, or change when used. Passive systems don’t require the use of personal fall protective equipment or active participation from the worker. Typically, passive systems include things like handrails, and guardrails, and in some locations around the country you might see a safety net system. Passive systems are the most desired systems in use and include guardrail systems and safety nets.
- Things to consider when working around passive systems – The most common passive system is the guardrail systems. There are several components in a guard rail system which includes a top rail at 42 inches +/- 3 inches. The OSHA standard allows the +/- three inches where wire rope is used. Wire rope cannot have a deflection (sag) of more than 3 inches and must be flagged at a minimum of six foot intervals along the top rail. Regardless of the type (wire rope/wood) railing has to support 200 lbs. of force in an outward and downward direction. Mid-rails are placed at the midpoint between the top rail and the floor. The mid-rail must support 150 lbs. of force in the same outward and downward motion. Toe boards (also known as falling object protection) are required when there is a potential of objects falling on floors below where employees are working. If toe boards are used they shall be a minimum of 1-5/8” in height which is the nominal size of a common 2 by or 1 by 4 and must be within ¼ inch of the deck. Some contractors have chosen to use netting instead of a toe board which is also an excepted method and must be capable of keeping items, tools, or debris from falling on to employees working below. The ends of all top rails and mid-rails shall not overhang the stanchions, except where such overhang does not constitute a projection hazard. Guardrail systems shall be so surfaced as to prevent injury to an employee from punctures or lacerations. When guardrail systems are used at hoisting areas or at ladder access points, a chain, gate or removable guardrail section shall be placed across the access opening between guardrail sections. Guard System cannot have opening greater than 18 inches at any point.
- Floor-hole covers are another type of a passive system when installed correctly. Floor-hole covers should be strong enough to support twice the intended load that may be place on them and be secure from being dislodged. They must also be marked with the word “Hole.” Floor holes are defined by OSHA as any opening in a deck that measures 2 inches or more.
- Safety nets are included as a passive system, but are rarely used out west. You might see them back east on high rise buildings or in some cases on bridge work.
Here is a link to some information on the OSHA Website: http://www.osha.gov/stopfalls/index.html